CAREER GUIDANCE

 

A CAREER IN GEOLOGY

WHAT IS GEOLOGY?

The science that deals with the study of earth, its history, environment, minerals etc. is called Geology. Mineralogy, structural geology, geomorphology, planet logy, geological engineering etc. are all branches of Geology.

Geologists play an important role in exploring the mineral wealth and natural resources. As a Geologist, your main functions would be to assess natural disasters, its effects on environment, to explore the areas where mineral fields, oil and natural gas fields etc. are found, under-water resources etc. You have to assess whether the conditions in particular areas are suitable for laying railway lines, construction of roads, bridges, buildings etc.

Geologists have to explore natural resources deep in the sea. Their services are also important for oil explorations. They have to assess the quality of soil by conducting geo-physical and geo-chemical tests. Construction of reservoirs, roads, bridges, underground tunnels etc. is based on the report of the geologist about the density of the earth.

JOB OPPORTUNITIES

Those who study Geology can become Geologists/ Geographers/ Meteorologists/ Oceanographers. As Geologists play a vital role in the exploration of valuable mineral resources, there are numerous avenues for them both in the public and private sectors. The Union Public Service Commission conducts tests for placements in Central Government Agencies like the Geological Survey of India and the Central Ground water Board. Similarly, Coal India, Mineral Exploration Authority, Oil & Natural Gas Corporation, Hindustan Zinc and several other organizations engaged in mineral explorations utilize the services of Geologists. The Defense and Para-military forces utilize the services of Geologists.

 

 

A CAREER IN MANAGEMENT

With the growing complexity of all commercial activity and the entry of multinational competitors, the need for systematic and efficient management practices has created a huge demand for competent personnel in all areas of business and commerce. Like the organised sector of commerce and industry, the traditionally non-organised sectors like agriculture and handicrafts are realising the necessity of professional management. This has opened up limitless opportunities in diverse spheres for students of commerce and allied subjects.

MBA has become a degree for the talented and professional Indian students. This change can be attributed to the Indian Government’s liberalisation of the economic policy and encouragement of the Multinational Companies to come forward for Foreign Direct Investments (FDI). Another reason is the widening of the Corporate Sector.

There is a good scope for the MBA graduates to occupy positions of prestige and responsibility and to have handsome pay packets. Today, a majority of the vital positions are held by the MBAs in the corporate sector as well as in the MNCs.

Management as a technical subject gained ground in the mid sixties, when the first Indian Institute of Management was set up. Today, MBA is considered a higher qualification than even CA and Engineering in most of the corporate sectors. Even the pay packages and perquisites are better than that for other professionals. Engineer MBAs are the most sought after professionals.

The spectrum of Management Training is so large that you have necessarily to choose an area of specialization. The most common disciplines are Finance, Marketing, Personal, Operation (Production), Systems (Information Technology), and Material. Admission is usually given to graduates in any discipline with a minimum of 50% marks in the qualifying examination. Selection is on the basis of Written Test, Group Discussion and personal Interview. Good proficiency in English and general knowledge along with good communication skill is very essential to get selected for admission.

CAREER IN EVENT MANAGEMENT

With the ushering in of television era, we have been witnessing a plethora of ceremonies or events being organized in every part of the world. Behind the success of Miss World Competition, or World Cup ’99, or a Michael Jackson or even a product launch show are a group of Event Managers.

Event Management can be categorized into different forms such as organizing cricket matches, product launching rock shows, fashion shows and even training programs for corporate sectors. Before product launching, organizing road shows has become a regular feature. Different sorts of festivals can be organized. As you gain experience, you can start a PR consultancy firm to develop press relations. You can arrange youth camps for children or a trekking tour for youth or executives. An interesting area in Event Management is organizing parties and disco nights. The concept is gaining momentum because of the present day demand for socialising.

The necessary qualification required to become an event Manager is to have an MBA, as required by most of the firms. You can develop your skill right from the college days itself. Try to get hold of an opportunity to speak in front of public. By regularly speaking, you polish your public speaking skills. To sharpen your skill for an Event Manager, try to organize as many programs as you can

For a successful Event Manager, the sky is the limit. As it does not require much investment, this is a good career option available today. The prime requisite of being an Event Manager is networking skill. You should be simultaneously a good public relations as well as marketing person. You should develop your contacts in the field of corporate sector for getting sponsorship. You should have a good contact with the media. If you can give value for money to your sponsors, nothing can stop you from reaching the top. You can start an Event Management firm if you have a small office space, a telephone , a computer together with a printer equipped with the creativity on introducing new concepts every time and organizing skills.

ANIMATION FILM DESIGN

WANT TO BECOME AN ANIMATOR? -
GOOD MONEY!

Animation is the art of conceiving an action by drawing inanimate objects or characters, which are made suitable for filming. It has lately become so high paying a profession that it will soon be matching the pay packets of software professionals. Television channels are increasingly relying on animation techniques to reduce ho-hum viewing.

JOB OPPORTUNITY

If you have an itch to draw, you can take up this career. Students who have completed higher secondary school and are versatile in drawing, you can enroll in the Visual Communication and Design course. Any graduate in fine arts or any arts student with an aptitude for drawing would do well by joining production houses or studios as a trainee.

Television production houses are increasingly relying on taking in graduates in fine arts or animators who have qualified in 3D Studio Max. Or you can find an opening in some animation companies like Millitoon, Crest Multimedia, Ram Mohan Biographics etc. You can also find openings in advertising agencies as Visualisers.

HOW TO START ?

Do a course in 2D Studio Max. You must be familiar with the various modes of drawing methods available in the software. If you are a non-graduate in fine arts, you can do a one-year course in Visual Design. If you have a certificate in drawing and painting, you can join as a clean up artist Or you can become professionally qualified by joining a course in Animation Film Design offered by the National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad . There is no other institution in India teaching Animation Film Design.

How To Become A Meteorologist
1. Introduction

The term Weather Expert currently being used in Malawi in referring to the weatherman is not a widely used name, but was coined here in Malawi by the mass media according to the way they look at the people who do weather forecasting. The profession of monitoring and understanding weather and climate forecasts is formally called Meteorology. The men and women behind the profession are formally called Meteorologists.

2. Definition of Meteorology

The word meteorology is derived from the Greek word meteors, meaning lofty or elevated and logos meaning study or learning. Meteorology therefore means the study of that which takes place in the atmosphere and underlying surface.

3. How does one become a Meteorologist?

From the definition, meteorology is a science of the atmosphere and so the prerequisite for the job is a flare for science. A good combination of Mathematics and Physics is the main prerequisite for the job.

There are three levels of entry into the profession. Straight from secondary school, someone with Mathematics and Physical Science at Junior Certificate or Malawi School Certificate of Education (MSCE) level is recruited as a weather observer. This is the person who is responsible for weather monitoring, a function which is an indispensable input into weather forecasting. On recruitment the person is given a six-month training in meteorological observations, coding, plotting, data collection and transmission, and meteorological instrumentation. If the recruit has good credits in Mathematics and Physical Science, at MSCE he or she is considered for a two year Diploma course in weather forecasting at any one of World Meteorological Organisation s regional training centres in Africa such as Nairobi in Kenya or Lagos in Nigeria.

The second entry level is for on with GCE advanced lever ( A level) in Mathematics and Physics. The person is sent straight for the diploma in meteorology. Thereafter, depending on the strength of the A level the fellow is also considered for a Bachelor of Science Degree course in Meteorology, a course that is attainable abroad.

The third entry point is at graduate level. Bachelor of Science graduates from the University of Malawi majoring in Mathematics and Physics are recruited ad sent for a postgraduate diploma in meteorology abroad. This is an intensive ten-month course, which actually demands the Mathematics, and Physics mentioned earlier on. After this diploma course the recruit is given on the job training.

At both diploma and bachelor s degree level the main subjects are Dynamic, Physical and Synoptic Meteorology, which are combined with Mathematics, Physical and Statistics phasing out gradually during the third year for BSc, when meteorology now becomes the major subjects.

4. Further studies

After the initial the fellows are supposed to work for sometime to gain experience before they are considered for further training for higher degrees such as Master of Science (MSc) and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD). This is where specialisation starts. Fellows are free to opt for any of the several areas in meteorology such as Dynamic Meteorology, Agricultural Meteorology, Climatology and Hydrometeorology.

In recent years training of Meteorologists has been done in the United Kingdom United States of America, Australia, Ireland, India, Egypt, Nigeria, South Africa and Kenya.

5. Section in Meteorological Service

In the Malawi Meteorological Service staff work in the various sections such as Monitoring, Prediction, Aviation Weather Services, ~Climatological Service and Public ~Weather Services which includes television weather presentation.

6. International Relationship

Meteorologists also participate in international meteorological issues such as climate change, global warming, ozone depletion, desertification, regional drought monitoring and air pollution. Some have had chances to be attached at specialised meteorological centres such as Climate Prediction Centre in Washington DC, African Centre for Meteorological Applications for Development (ACMAD) in Niger, and Drought Monitoring centres in Nairobi and Harare.

7. Employer of Meteorologists

The sole employer of meteorologists in Malawi is currently the government. A few institutions operate subsidiary weather stations in the country but these employ weather observers only for monitoring purposes. Elsewhere meteorologists are employed in the agricultural, water and education sectors and a good number get absorbed by the mass media, mostly radio and television.

8. Further Information

Further information on how to become a meteorologist can be obtained from the address below at Chileka International Airport:

The Director
Meteorological Services HQs
P.O. Box 2
Chileka
Malawi
Tel.: (265) 692 333/ 312 Fax: (265) 692 329
E-mail:metdept@metmalawi.com

CAREER IN ARCHAEOLOGY

JOB OPPORTUNITIES

With mummies, historical sites and Jurassic parks being discovered every now and then, archaeology is turning out to be a very important field of exploration. Leading excavations, deciphering epigraphs and ancient coins, and undertaking surveys of archaeological sites are all part of the professional archaeologist. If you choose the right course and pursue it, you can find a job in the State Department of Archaeology Or in the Archaeological Survey of India or a lecturer in an institution that offers Archaeology as a subject of study OR as a Curator in the Museums or as an employee in the Tourism Department. There are several private collectors who require the services of Archaeologists

ARCHAEOLOGY: In 1993, when the UGC planned for vocationalization of college education, archaeology was accepted as a separate subject. Postgraduate courses are offered in Archaeology at Universities all over the country.

SPECIALISATIONS: There are specialisations also. You can opt for being an Epigrapher (studying ancient inscriptions and deciphering its meanings) or a Numismatist (studying old coins, tokens, paper money etc.)

ELIGIBILITY: You should have a basic educational qualification to take up the study. You should have a degree in Ancient History, Pure Science, Geology or Chemistry. Knowledge of Sanskrit is an asset because ancient epigraphs and artefacts are engraved in Prakrit. M. A. in History and Archaeology is a must if you want to pursue Archaeology as a full time profession

CAREER IN BEAUTY AND HAIR STYLING

A visit to a beauty parlour has become part of the schedule rather than a luxury or a pastime today. Women in Kerala have always been beauty conscious. Looking good is the in-thing, and frequenting a beauty parlour is no longer a taboo today. Beauty has become a subject that has crossed the gender barrier and to a large extent the age barrier too. Gone are the days when looking beautiful was the domain of the young. Cosmetics and beauty-care products have raided even the homes of the common people.

As a result, there has been a proliferation of beauty parlours every where. These parlours may deal with just one aspect of beauty like skin care or hair care or provide total beauty and hair care. A lot of tact, a well groomed appearance and courtesy are essential in a beautician. Clients look for a clean beauty parlour where the assistants are neat and friendly as well as professional in their approach. Beauticians must be well versed in giving facials, manicure, pedicure, skin treatments for pimples and acne, waxing and threading. The major function of a hairstylist is to style hair in a complementary and attractive fashion. He must discuss exactly what the patron wants to be done. He must be experienced in colouring, frosting, perming etc. This career choice offers a lot of scope for entrepreneurship.

CAREER IN ENGINEERING

INTRODUCTION

The national education policy lays great stress on science and technology and education, particularly technical and management education as the principal instruments of change for achieving socio-economic development for a decent standard of living. The challenges of globalisation of markets, competition from other developing countries, enhanced quality requirements by international markets etc. have necessitated a reconsideration of the traditional attitudes and strategies.

THE GOALS OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION

Engineering education is one of the principal instruments of change for achieving socio-economic development. The goals of engineering education derive its inspiration from the national goals. There has been a significant qualitative difference in the job requirements of engineers since independence. Quality, productivity, excellence and values are some of the concepts and indices for assessing the performances of the engineering education system. There is considerable scope for improvement in several spheres. Some of the critical issues requiring attention and review are the current trend toward the introduction of narrow specialisations in undergraduate degree programmes.

Since independence, there has been a qualitative difference in the job requirements and work ethos of graduate engineers with enhancement and upgrading of responsibilities from mere maintenance and operation of complex technological system to their planning, design and production. In 1974, a Joint Committee of the All India Council for Technical Education and the University Grants Commission was set up on the recommendation of the AICTE to review the entire system of engineering education. The major issues under study were long term goals, curriculum design and development, institutional administration, continuing education, the role of computers and laboratories in engineering education. Common sense approach to work, pride in manual labour and interdisciplinary work in engineering, along with skills and knowledge in advanced computing, data management, automation, materials technology, energy systems etc. have today become necessary. Effective team work is essential for undertaking major projects and goal-oriented ones.

The principal expectation of those who pursue engineering education is a decent job. There are several examples of sudden but temporary demands in some disciplines. Manpower development must be need based. The conditions of work, recruitment and promotion policy of the employment market greatly influence the type of qualifications that employees must possess. The output of the education system, in terms of the various skills and knowledge imparted, has to be known for the proper utilisation of the human resources it generates.

CHOOSING THE RIGHT DISCIPLINE

There are several disciplines in Engineering Education like mechanical, marine, mining, electrical, electronics, aeronautical etc. and choosing the right course needs meticulous thought and care, It primarily depends on what career you would like to pursue in your life.

CAREER IN ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Environmental Science is concerned with the space that surrounds us. It finds solutions to problems owing to environmental degradation, the energy crunch etc. It has created a demand for skilled professionals who could suggest ways to manage resources economically and even the public informed of issues and development,. It is going to be a career of the future

CAREER OPPORTUNITIES

The demand for environmental protection services is expected to increase considerably by the turn of the century. There is also an increasing demand for skilled personnel in the specialised technologies like oceanography, leather, footwear, plastic, gems, metals etc. Environmental Scientists are appointed in the R & D Departments of large industries to work on issues of pollution control, efficient waste and effluent control, management and planning. Large public as well as private sector organizations, and industries like paper, cement, dairy products, pesticides and pharmaceuticals etc. need environmental specialists to monitor their waste disposals.

Consultancy firms provide environmental impact assistance for industries and the Government, by assessing the ecological viability of large scale projects. Government organizations like the National Productivity Council, Metallurgical Engineering Consultants and institutes like IIT’s and CSIR labs also provide consultancy services. The Government of India and various universities offer scope for Research and Development. It includes the National Environmental Energy Research Institute, National Metallurgical Laboratories, Central Leather Research Institute and the India Toxicological Research Institute. Options are also available with some private organisations  involved in environmental protection and awareness. Career options are also available as Environmental Journalist.

HOW TO BECOME AN ENVIRONMENTAL PROFESSIONAL?

To become an environmental professional, you should have a degree or postgraduate degree in Environmental Science.

 

 

 

CAREER IN FOREST MANAGEMENT

Forest administration came into existence in India during the later part of the 19^th century. Forest management was meant for regeneration of some useful species like Sal, Deodar, Teak etc. Management practices were mainly conservation oriented and were primarily meant for meeting the local needs of timber particularly in rural areas. The onset of World War II had an impact on forestry practices and artificial plantations were raised on a large scale. The forests became the victims of GROW MORE FOOD campaign by putting up land for agricultural use. The Government set up the National Commission on Agriculture, which suggested for evolving a proper forest management.

The concept of forest management requires sound policy and planning. Forest management is the practical application of scientific, economic and social principles to the administration of a forest estate for specified objectives. The basic task of Forestry is to secure maximum and continued values from the land meant for forestry. Forest resources are the attributes of forest land, which are put for the welfare of human beings. Forest management involves the control of composition and the structure of the growing stock; harvesting and marketing of forest produce/ products; and administration of forest property and personnel.

There is immense scope for forest management in India. Two essential assumptions are vital in forest management- it must be dynamic and it must change according to situation. The growing tree is a symbol of nation’s prosperity. The standing trees make growing stock and this is capital in real sense. Trees take long time to be utilized for end uses. The trees of poplar can be harvested at a rotation of ten years, whereas the trees of Deodar may take about 200 years for its harvest.

Intensive forestry practices must be used to increase productivity of forests. It will help in meeting the demands of industry, communications and the local people. Social forestry must be encouraged to meet the demands of the local people. Agro-forestry should be encouraged to establish a sustainable land management system which could improve the existing system quantitatively and qualitatively, capable of deriving long term benefits, reduce environmental damage practically feasible and socially acceptable to the farmers. Agro-forestry has a number of advantages. It maintains soil fertility through recycling of nutrients, prevention of soil erosion and loss of nutrients through leaching and runoff. The management of forests should be to maintain the eco-system in the long run and in the interests of the people.

CAREER IN GRAPHIC ARTS

If you are a creative person with an artistic bent of mind with good knowledge of typography, then you are the best suited person for this profession, provided you want to be so. As a Graphic artist, you will be responsible for designing and developing the graphics for a variety of advertising and business needs. Graphics encompass artwork, pictures, and illustrations as well as layouts. You have design material for advertisements, packaging, book covers, logos, publications and more. You can be a professional working for some advertising or public relations agencies or be part of the advertising department of newspapers and so on. If you are an aspiring graphic artist, it is quite advantageous to have a bachelor’s degree in Fine Arts or Industrial Design.

CAREER IN HORTICULTURE

WHAT IS HORTICULTURE?

Horticulture is an intensive form of agriculture engaged in areas of floriculture (flowers), landscape horticulture or arboriculture (trees, shrubs and vines) and promology (fruits). But today, Horticulture is more than planting and maintaining trees. It includes the challenge of supervising a culturally diverse work force, finding new ways to manage pests and dealing with the safe and legal use of pesticides. It is also about applying various aspects of biology, chemistry, ecology, engineering, communications and business because it involves growing, handling marketing and managing landscape plants, flowers, fruits and vegetables.

JOB OF A HORTICULTURIST:

As a horticulturist, your responsibility is to increase food safety, improve health benefits from fruits and vegetables, develop ecologically sound landscape and gardening techniques and improve aesthetics of the urban environment.

JOB OPPORTUNITIES:

Professional Horticulturists can find jobs in such areas as Production, Landscape design, installation and maintenance, Marketing, Research, Pest Management, Industries serving growers of horticultural crops, inspection, communication etc

PRODUCTION: You can operate your own business or be a manager of a greenhouse, landscaping service, orchard, vegetable farm, flower or plant shop, nursery, garden centre or processing firm.

LANDSCAPE DESIGN, INSTALLATION & MAINTENANCE: As a Horticulturist, you can design planting plans with trees, shrubs, ground covers, herbaceous ornaments and turf grass.

MARKETING: You can engage in the wholesale or retail sale of seed, gardening supplies, cut flowers, fresh or processed fruits and vegetables, house plants, floral arrangements or nursery stock. You can also be a buyer of these items for a chain store, a government or private institution or a wholesale distributor.

RESEARCH: You can also be a scientist. Then, you can seek ways to improve the yield and quality of fruits, vegetables, flowers and ornamental plants, and to develop methods for handling, storing and marketing them. You can also specialize in plant breeding, plant nutrition, plant growth regulation with chemicals or other fascinating areas of plant research.

PEST MANAGEMENT: You can be trained for work with state and central regulatory agencies, agricultural suppliers, processing corporations, large farm organizations or as agricultural agents.

INDUSTRIES SERVING GROWERS OF HORTICULTURAL CROPS: As a trained Horticulturist, you can find a job in Seed Firms, manufacturers of fertilizers, pesticide materials, landscape or farm equipment, and canning and freezing companies.

INSPECTION: You can find employment in government or private agencies as inspectors of fresh and processed fruits and vegetables, to maintain a high level of quality and uniformity in the production industry.

COMMUNICATIONS: Writing for gardening or agricultural magazines, newspapers, television and radio can be a rewarding field for men and women trained in Horticulture.

In addition to the above, job opportunities exist for the trained Horticulturist in managing landscapes and plant collections in public gardens and conservatories. A professional horticulturist can look out for a job in botanical gardens, garden centers, greenhouses, golf courses, ground management, interior-scaping, irrigation, lawn care, recreation, sports areas, turf management, vegetation control, agricultural chemical companies, fertilizer companies, nurseries, in the agriculture, horticulture departments of the governments etc.

HOW TO BECOME A HORTICULTURIST?

To be a horticulturist, you need training in plant biology, chemistry, soils, plant pests and diseases, written/oral communications, computer applications, personnel/business management, international relations and problem solving. Horticultural courses will provide information on food safety, health benefits, ecologically sound lawn and gardening techniques, relationship between horticulture and human health and their relevance in urban programming.

CAREER IN HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT

Manpower is recognized as the most valuable resource for any organization. Most companies have realized that the way they treat the personnel has a direct bearing on their profitability and success and hence the growing demand for qualified HRD Professionals. This fast growing career encompasses many areas. Today, it includes the entire range from manpower planning, recruitment, training, industrial and labour relations, performance appraisals, promotions and dismissals, to personnel deployment, relocation etc.

JOB OPPORTUNITY: Departments of several organisations are, today, headed by personnel who do not have professional education in the concerned field since HRD as a professional course of study is of recent development. Over the years, these posts will be filled up by qualified and specialized personnel.

HOW TO BECOME A HRD PROFESIONAL? For those who like people and inter-personal interactions, HRD is a wonderful field, which offers top management posts and at the same time, job satisfaction. You should have the aptitude to interact with and to understand different types of human beings. The ability to articulate and speak well, to be convincing and handle complex situations are also important assets. Those who are sensitive and caring by nature are likely to succeed in this field. Job prospects is brighter for those who come in with professional qualifications. Starting as a HRD Executive or Assistant Manager, one can aspire to become the head of HRD functions. If you are capable, you can set up your own consultancy in this field after gaining expertise.

COURSES IN HRD: Many Universities have started offering post-graduate programmes in HRD. Most courses for HRD are at post-graduate level. But a few institutions do offer certificates and diploma courses at lower levels. Two year PG Diplomas, which are equivalent to MBA, are offered by various institutions all over the country. There are part time evening courses offered by some institutions. For those who can not attend college, the National Institute of Human Resources Development offers a six semester PG correspondence course. You can also enter the HRD field if you have a degree in social work, psychology or industrials relations.

 

 

 

CAREER IN PRINTING TECHNOLOGY

With the advent of science and technology, computers, lasers and microprocessor, Printing has become no longer a craft. It is a multi-disciplinary profession, dealing with integration of text and graphic to make a final print by transferring ink on paper or board or other materials.

PRINTING TECHNOLOGY- A REWARDING CAREER
FOR YOU!

As a Printing Technologist, you can find jobs in newspapers and magazines, railway presses, advertising agencies, machine manufacturers, and in packaging industries. You can also start your own printing press.

HOW TO BECOME A PRINTING TECHNOLOGIST?

To be a Printing Technologist, you should know the Pre-press techniques like the preparation of image carrier, the actual printing procedures like letter press, lithography, gravure, flexography, screen, laser and inkjet and  Post press techniques- finishing operations like cutting, folding, binding, laminating, and embossing, Packaging Technology- techniques of printing on packaged products, Materials Technology-knowledge of materials used like paper, ink, plates and chemicals.

A number of institutions offer courses in printing technology and you can join one of these institutions and can become a professionally qualified Printing Technologist.

CAREER IN PUBLIC RELATIONS

FOR A FAST TRACK LIVING WITH TODAY’S MOST GLAMOROUS LIVING!

IF YOU ARE RELATIVELY INTELLIGENT, LOVING TO MEET PEOPLE, SMART, POLISHED, SWEET TONGUED, SOBRE, COMMUNICATIVE, ARTICULATE, ABLE TO WRITE AND SPEAK FLAWLESSLY, HARDWORKING AND PREPARED TO WORK UNDER PRESSURE, A CAREER IN PUBLIC RELATIONS IS WAITING FOR YOU.

WHAT IS PUBLIC RELATIONS?

PUBLIC RELATIONS IS ONE OF THE LATEST MANAGEMENT DISCIPLINES. In the layman’s language, it means maintaining relations with the public. The job of a PR person is to work primarily towards establishing and improving mutual relationship, understanding and goodwill between his company or organisation and the clients and the customers, various other groups and the public at large. It is a planned and sustained programme conducted by an organisation’s management. It monitors awareness, opinions, attitudes and behaviour inside and outside the organisation. It analyses the impact of organisational policies, procedures and actions on various publics. It counsels the management on the establishment of new policies and programmes that are mutually beneficial to the organisation and its publics. It establishes and maintains two-way communication between the organisation and its publics. In order to speak for and on behalf of the organisation, the PR person must know the organisation thoroughly. Thus it has become a top management function today identifying, establishing and maintaining mutually beneficial relationships between an organisation and the various publics on whom its success or failure depends.

An organisation is a group of persons coming together with a common purpose- to produce and sell certain products, services or ideas. It has to get the job done by a certain number of people with the support of many more people. These people who are the concern of the organisation are the ‘publics’ in the vocabulary of Public Relations. These ‘publics’ form an integral part of the body of the organisation, and are very important factors for its existence.

JOB OPPORTUNITIES

PUBLIC RELATIONS as a fast track career, has grown phenomenally recently. In an age when image consciousness holds the key to success, the scope and influence of public relations is constantly widening. With the growth of industry and business, the need for well trained, polished and hardworking PR personnel is growing day by day in every branch of industry, business and services run by the private, government and the public sector. Different kinds of PR personnel are required to handle various groups and areas like workers and employees, shareholders, customers and clients, suppliers, legislators, government departments, financial institutions, banks and above all, the public at large. Experts in Public Relations have started predicting that by 21^st century, PR will overtake Advertising as it is less expensive, capable of communicating directly to the clients and customers and more result oriented as its effect can be evaluated almost spontaneously.

CAREER IN TEACHING

Teaching is one of the most important careers a person can choose because of the immense responsibility that goes with teaching and moulding a child to become a worthwhile adult and citizen.

Teacher training colleges are a new development and over the past two decades there has been a boom in them. Faculty members in a college of education coordinate their efforts and function as a well-knit team and impart teaching skills with a good deal of creative flexibility. A firm foundation on content is the desideratum for becoming a good teacher. A good teacher has to be reasonably good in expression.

JOB OPPORTUNITIES

Different types of teaching jobs in different fields are available today. The methodology used in schools and colleges has undergone tremendous changes. While teachers follow a mandated curriculum, they have to develop their own methods of teaching for each class and they have to plan interesting and inspiring lessons to make learning a positive experience. Teachers have to handle paper work and record attendance, value answer scripts, to prepare progress reports and watch the progress of their students in their studies. marks, report cards, and student progress. They prepare and review homework, develop tests, attend workshops and parent-teacher meetings. Good communication skills, patience, creativity, strong moral sense etc. are absolutely essential for a good teacher.

Much of our individual success is based on education, training and continued learning experiences. Educators are required to assist people who want to learn new skills as well as upgrade their old ones. The demand for good teachers at the school and college levels as well as in the other interest areas is expected to grow significantly in the future.

CAREERS FOR WOMEN -
HOME NURSING

The changing patterns of modern life are largely reflected on the womenfolk with more and more of them turning away from traditional house-hold preoccupations, for reasons predominantly economic. Women of today have a distinct presence in every aspect of life. Their presence is keenly felt in diverse areas such as administration, health-care, hospitality sector, science & technology, politics, police, military. airforce, etc. More and more of them are coming out every now and then from professional as well as from other institutions. They are getting into and exploiting newer and newer avenues than before.

In the growing unemployment scenario, Home Nursing offers a large spectrum of hope, especially for the rural women, who are educationally ill-equipped.

Trained Home Nurses, who are young, polite and sophisticated, can be seen catering to the demands of an increasing number of people who find little time to care for their aged, ailing parents or infants or relatives.

Nearly some 30 institutions in the state including societies like SEWA, Red Cross and private institutions like St. Antony’s Mission Home Nursing Service, Amrita Health Services, Help-in-hand etc. offer careers in Home Nursing. A Home Nurse can earn more than Rs.1000/- a month in addition to food and accommodation. These institutions all over the state have formed an association called Kerala Nursing Service Association and under them more than 2000 women are employed in different house-holds.

Institutions like St. Antony’s Mission Home Nursing Service recruit girls who have at least passed 8^th Standard. The selection is held on the basis of an interview. Those selected will have to pay Rs.350/- towards fees. Accommodation is free and facility for cooking is also available there. The three-month course has topics like anatomy, physiology, health and hygiene, nutrition etc. At the end of the course, an internal assessment is conducted and a certificate issued, besides giving the student a good placement.

A Home Nurse is not supposed to do work like cleaning and sweeping. Her work is in relation to the child/the ailing or the aged. The institutions extend the services of the Home Nurses only on introduction. A maximum of three months is the service term of one Home Nurse and afterwards, she will be transferred and another one will be sent in her place. This is to avoid problems that can erupt after the girl nurse gets attached to the family and vice-versa if she remains there for a long period.

SEWA, which alone has a work force around 2000 women in Kochi has a branch in Thiruvananthapuram. The Home Nurse is to be paid a monthly salary of Rs.1, 500/- each in addition to the initial registration fee. There are SEWA women who are specialists in post-delivery care.

The Red Cross recruit only those girls who have passed SSLC. They give a monthly pay of Rs.1500/- for a Home Nurse if she is posted at a hospital, and Rs.1300/- for placements in a house. They Charge a registration fee of Rs.500/- and no service charge is levied.

 

CAREERS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY & GENETICS Biotechnology is the industrial base of living organisms to manufacture food, drugs or other products. Enzymes are central to most biotechnological applications. Biotechnology involves the use of plant and animal cells and microbes in the manufacture of goods useful to mankind. The boom in biotech is due to genetic engineering in which simple life forms are created to make entirely new products. Recent advances include genetic engineering in which single-celled organisms with modified DNA are used to produce insulin and other drugs. Some of its spectacular applications are in medicine, where antibodies can be made in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, human insulin made widely available and new vaccines found to ward off hitherto intractable infections, where it may soon be possible even to compensate for defective human genes. Biotechnology has a wide range of applications in food industry from inducing cattle to grow faster, in the production of new enzymes for making cheese, in eradicating crop diseases, in the making of food stuffs that consist entirely of tiny organisms, provide abundant energy from renewable resources like alcohol for motor fuel, and making of plastic, paints and artificial fibres by using enzymes instead of chemical process. Genetics is 20th century science, which has transformed the ancient craft of genetic engineering into a modern science based technology. It is the science of heredity that attempts to explain how characteristics are passed on from one generation to the next. It makes use of materials provided by nature, uses specialized knowledge and purpose-built tools to modify them in particular ways and then assembles the pieces to make the final structure. The genetics engineer hopes to provide society with a vast range of innovations such as more effective and cheaper pharmaceutical products, more abundant food products, new approaches to the generation of energy, the recovery of resources, pollution control and the diagnosis and correction of genetic disorders. Biotechnology is leading us to the brink of a new industrial revolution- the bio-industrial revolution. Its benefits are better health, more food, renewable energy sources, cheaper and more efficient industrial processes and reduced pollution.

 

 

CAREERS IN HOSPITALITY SECTOR In the world where holiday options are endless, what matters is service. In Kerala, where tourism development is in its nascent stage, it is this distinctive feature of hospitality service that eventually attract or distract tourists. Although the leading players of the hospitality industry have entered the scene, there is still a heavy shortfall of skilled man- power to meet the rising demands. There is a lot of openings waiting for those with professional training. In the travel and tourism sector , a wide range of career options exist. Today, travel and tourism is probably the world’s largest industry and currently in India alone there is an annual demand for about 30000 trained personnel in this field. A PEEP INTO TOURISM INDUSTRY Tourism has been the fastest growing industry in the world for the past 50 years, and today it is the world’s largest industry. It is India's third largest export industry after Readymade Garments and Gems &Jewelry. Though the revenues faltered in 1997 and 1998 because of the Asian meltdown, there has been a steady increase in the earnings. But Tourism Industry needs a revamping. Tourism is a global happening, an expression of man’s natural instincts to move from one place to another. In the olden days travel was fraught with trials and tribulations. Hence, perhaps, the origins of the world, TOURISM: from ‘travail’ or trouble in French and from ‘tripalium (Latin) meaning a wooden instrument of torture. Our tourist attractions warrant for more tourists than we are getting. No other country can match India as a tourist draw. If a tourist wants mountaineering and trekking, which mountains in the world can compete with the Himalayas? If he wants the sea and the sun, where else would he find thousands of miles of virgin beaches against back drops of swaying coconut palms? If he wants to visit ancient sites or ruins, which country can match the monuments of the Hindu, Budhist, Jain, Muslim, Sikh and Christian faiths? Or if he is in search of secluded spots, away from civilization, the Lakshadweep Islands with their sparkling clear waters or the Andamans with their thick rain forests, white sands and coral reefs have few parallels. If he wishes to study, Yoga or meet men of religion, then our gurus and sanyasis and their Ashrams have much to offer. Whatever his interest, India has unparalleled attractions to offer to the tourist. The potential is so high that foreigners visiting India are convinced that so much more can be done to promote Indian Tourism and destinations abroad. What is needed is a tie up among the Airlines, Travel and Tour Operators and the Hotel industry. Unless these essential wings come together, no attractive package can be worked out. It is up to the Board of Tourism Industry and Trade to formulate a joint strategy involving both the Government and the Private Sector. Tourists who stay in 5 star and deluxe hotels in our country are usually happy. But those who opt for 2, 3, and 4 star hotels often complain about the high tariffs of these hotels in relation to their poor facilities. We must, therefore, see that we do not price ourselves out of the market. Government must set aside and lease land for medium and low priced hotels. There is a great need for 2 to 3 star hotels with a high level of cleanliness. It is the business of the Health, Immigration and Customs officials at the airports to see that the tourist is not harassed. It is the business of the taxi driver and the shop- keeper to make the tourist feel satisfied that he has not been cheated. It is the business of the tourist guide to present a proper image of India’s problems and achievements and of her rich cultural heritage. It is the business of the airline and railway clerk to serve the tourist promptly and courteously without demanding bribes. The slogan, ‘Welcome the visitor, Send him back a friend,’ may seem a time-worn cliché, but is not. India is one of the few countries which still offers service of high quality. Let not cupidity and greed overtake the wonderful hospitality for which India is known all over the world. WILD LIFE TOURISM Wild life Tourism has been looked upon mainly in economic terms. Our sanctuaries can earn much by way of foreign exchange, besides generating employment opportunities. For city-bred young people, a stay in a Sanctuary or National Park can be an experience, which can not be equalled. In an increasing urban environment, a family visit to such an area can lay the ground work for a useful and realistic facet of education.- a knowledge of nature, and how each species functions and interacts with the others. Knowing a tiger near causes a sensation in your nerves and it is truly awe inspiring. The very nearness of this savage beauty, seen or unseen, in its natural habitat is an experience of a life- time. According to a report published by the Brussels-based World Travel and Tourism Council, Tourism is the world's most rapidly growing industry, and that by the year 2005, the contribution of Tourism to the world economy would be more than doubled from the base level of 1994. India's share in the global tourism is a mere 0.4 per cent and the share of Indian arrivals currently stands at a mere 7 per cent, at the same time the market share of Rajasthan and Goa is 30 per cent each. In order to promote tourism, Government of India has evolved a Tourism Policy.   TOURISM POLICY 1998 - ITS OBJECTIVES To promote tourism with the tourist and the pilgrim as the focus To provide special facilities to the ‘religious, adventure and ‘monument based traveller To improve the efficiency of the industry, for enhanced social and economic benefit,and consequential increased economic benefits, including increased employment generation To ensure the participation of all the stake holders in society, including the travel trade and tourism industry. To provide quality services to all domestic & international consumers and stake holders To prepare and implement Master Plans for integrated development and marketing of identified circuits To improve, diversify and expand the marketing of the tourism products of our state. Tourism along with Information Technology and Biotechnology could be the engine giving a big push to Kerala's economy in the coming years. Tourism has emerged as among the few economic alternatives to develop the state's economy. The state's potential for Tourism has been well accepted. As a destination, Kerala can attract the independent traveller with its unique qualities like the pristine environment, the rich and vibrant culture and the high quality of life for the local inhabitants brought about by the state's investments since Independence in the fields of education, health care, institutions of democracy, social justice etc. The state is also endowed with its unique natural, cultural and social resources. JOB OPPORTUNITIES Promising career options are plenty for those who are smart, intelligent, amiable, highly communicative and those who like going places and meeting people. In the world where holiday options are endless, what matters is service. In Kerala, where tourism development is in its nascent stage, it is this distinctive feature of hospitality service that eventually attract or distract tourists. Although the leading players of the hospitality industry have entered the scene, there is still a heavy shortfall of skilled man power to meet the rising demands. There is a lot of openings waiting for those with professional training. WANT TO BE A TRAVEL AGENT? Travel agents assist people with travel plans for business and pleasure. The agencies are paid a commission by companies that provide the services and these include airlines, cruise lines, hotels and car rental companies. The agent’s main function is to book travel arrangements and it is necessary for him to find out the client’s departure date, the destination, and the mode of transportation. It is also essential to know if the client wants to travel the most economical way or first class. The best travel arrangements are not always the cheapest. An inexpensive flight that forces the traveller to change planes three times before arrival may not be best fare for a business executive. The same fare, however, may be perfect for a student travelling on a limited income. While planning international trips, the agent may be responsible for obtaining the necessary visas for the client. Polytechnics and vocational colleges offer short-term training in certain aspects of travel like ticketing and reservations. Postgraduate diploma and degree programmes of one to two years of duration, which are a lot more exhaustive in content, are offered by a lot of universities.

 

 

 

CAREERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY AND HEALTH CARE One of the fastest growing industries in the economy encompasses a variety of careers in which health services and technology are the primary concentrations. The growing size of the population and the tremendous expansion of new technology are the two main reasons. Consequently, this area offers extensive employment opportunities. Medicine and Engineering Science students are inevitably focused towards careers in engineering or medicine. Admission into science courses is most coveted and hence the most difficult to attain. Many students spend several years trying to get into a medical or engineering college. These years could be fruitfully spent developing alternative skills leading to careers equally lucrative. Alternative to engineering could be bio-technology which is one of the fastest growing fields with applications in every aspect of daily life. The medical field has expanded to cover numerous specializations from cosmetic and neuro-surgery to genetic engineering. It is also becoming more rewarding with the setting up of private hospitals, clinics and nursing homes. DENTISTRY The Dentist looks for cavities, broken or cracked teeth, gum diseases or oral cancer. Filling cavities, crowning and scaling plaque build up are some of the duties of a dentist. An established and flourishing Dentist may have assistants to perform some of these jobs. Some Dentists diversify into orthodontics, which is the treatment of irregular teeth. Some Dentists also perform oral surgery and extract teeth, if necessary. Good interpersonal skills and manual dexterity are necessary attributes for a good Dentist. Dentistry is taught as a four-year course at several colleges all over India. Science students who have passed their plus two will have to take a written test for admission to this course. There is at least one Dental College in almost every state and most of these colleges have domicile requirements for admission. MEDICAL EDUCATION The functions in a hospital can be classified in to four basic segments- Medical, Para-medical, support service and administration. The Medical field is for doctors and nurses. It is purely medical and no trespassers are allowed WANT TO BE A CAREER IN NURSING? Want to be a Nurse?- A very good profession to choose from, if you have the traits of compassion for your fellow beings, a desire to help and serve others. As a nurse, you have to work in a variety of settings such as private nursing homes, hospitals and clinics. The working hours differ depending on the setting you are working in. The main function of a nurse is to administer medical care to the ill or injured persons. Your duties include recording patients’ vital symptoms, taking blood samples for laboratory tests, changing dressings, starting intravenous fluids and administering medication. Students who have completed their plus two with Physics, Chemistry and Biology can do a four year B. Sc. course in Nursing or a two to three year Certificate course in Nursing.

 

 

CAREERS IN PARA-MEDICAL SERVICES Para-medical supports the medical team with closely related functions for complete treatment. The main areas are radiology, physiotherapy, laboratory services cardiology and neurology and job opportunities are plenty in each of these areas RADIOLOGY It is the application of radiation for diagnosis and treatment . A radiologist is a doctor who specializes in the use of radiology for diagnosis or treatment. A radiographer on the other hand, is the technician who specializes in the use of such equipment on the advice of the radiologist. In radiotherapy, he assists the Radiation Oncologist in the treatment process. Though radiographers are exposed to radioactive elements in the course of their work, government stipulation ensures they are protected. Radiology makes the difference in quality patient care and is a major investment area for hospitals PHYSIOTHERAPY & REHABILITATION Physiotherapy is an integral part of a patient’s recovery today; sometimes it is the treatment itself. Physiotherapists help patients mobilise, exercise and strengthen muscles, joints and bones, and maintain and rehabilitate various systems of the body. CAREER OPPORTUNITY Career as Physiotherapist exist in Govt. and Private hospitals. Some  hospitals do not have physiotherapy departments and they direct their patients to private physiotherapy clinics. You have a chance there. One alternative would be as a sports therapist. There is an increasing demand for trained professionals in this field. LABORATORY SERVICES Laboratory experts carry out tests like determining blood groups and identifying foreign bodies in patient’s fluids, which a doctor would need for diagnosis. Degree or post-graduate degree in Microbiology or Biochemistry, or a Diploma or Degree in Medical Laboratory Technology will help you to find a job. Opportunities exist both in the govt and private hospitals You could work with a research organization, a blood bank, pharmaceutical company or in a private laboratory. SUPPORT SERVICE Though not regarded as important as the medical or para-medical services, the support system complements the two in sustained rehabilitation. Generally, the support systems in a hospital are nutrition and dietetics, pharmacy and counseling NUTRITION & DIETETICS Diet is very important for a patient’s treatment, especially recovery. Based on the doctor’s advice, Dietitians determine what and when the patient should eat. If you have a degree or post-graduate degree in nutrition or dietetics or a diploma in catering, you can find out a job. You could join food production or food consultant units as Quality control Managers, nutrition labs for research, or diet clinics as consultant. PHARMACY As a pharmacist, your job is to supply appropriate medicines. Pharmacists should understand medicines-their functions and contents, and should be able to recognize a doctor’s requirements and handwriting. They should ensure supply not just to out-patients, but also for regular hospital use like for operations and make sure that the hospital always has a stock of frequently used medicines. JOB OPPORTUNITIES If you have the necessary qualification, to secure a job is no problem. You can find opportunities in the scores of hospitals and health care centres or in the Medical shops as Pharmacist or you can run your own medical store. For the running of a medical store, a Diploma in Pharmacy is a prerequisite. COUNSELLING Counselling plays an important role today. A counseller advises patients and support groups including family. For instance, patients with AIDS have to be gradually made aware of their condition and its implication so that all of them are able to effectively cope with the situation. While patients are counselled on how to lead satisfying lives in spite of their condition, the support group is counselled on how to help them do so and how to adjust their routines. Counselling need not only be for critical or trauma patients. Even someone with a ligament tear might require counselling. In most hospitals, doctors and nurses do the counselling. Now, more social workers and Psychologists are stepping in to the field. Though any one with training can counsel, a Master’s degree in Social Work with specialization in hospital care will be advantageous. As a psychologist, you can work with mental health institutes or private clinics. HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION The basic segments of hospital administration, like in any other organization, are finance, personnel materials, daily administration and public relations. With the support service and the para-medical departments, the administrator plays a vital role in the smooth running of the hospital.

 

 

FASHION SHOWS AND BEAUTY PAGEANTS The modelling scene has now become an acceptable option for the young and the ambitious. Fashion shows and Beauty Pageants have become  very highly competitive field and it is a tough job. Behind all the glamour and the money is a lot of dedication, hard work, sweat and sacrifice. Facial mobility, a good figure and a confident attitude are the important prerequisites for entering into this field. . Beauty is a talent and should be promoted. This is behind all the Beauty Contests and Beauty Pageants. Gone are the days when our youngsters, not to say their parents too, were keen on keeping up our traditional values. They could not think anything that would erode human values and modesty. Our youngsters of today are more than willing to shed all inhibitions. At least some of them have learned that being beautiful has a lot of advantage and beauty is a big business. It is an instrument that could propel them to stardom and fame. Fame is the load-star of most of the contestants and they are all focused on fame and money. And hence, all the beauty contests and beauty pageants. Kerala too has become a stage for such pageantry. It is quite strange that in a state where women would rather die than share a seat with a man in a bus, girls goaded on by their parents, unabashedly show off their proud assets, heralding before a salivating audience that the bonds of tradition are fragile and proving that where there is a will, there is a way to make money and fame.

 

 

HOW ABOUT A CAREER IN THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SECTOR?

Computer industry

The computer industry is growing at a phenomenal rate. The first computer came to India in 1956 and it was installed at the ISI, Calcutta. However, it was only two decades later, things really began to change.

The growth of the computer industry has been possible largely due to the declining trend in the prices of computers and a steep increase in the performance and the introduction of the personal computer in India. Today computers have pervaded nearly every sphere of our lives- the newspaper which you read in the morning is formatted and edited through computers, the radio and TV news you hear is made possible by computers and communication networks through satellites, the bill which you get at some hotels and shops is due to computers, the trains that you travel by are scheduled by computers, the cloths that you wear are mostly designed or manufactured with the help of computers, the traffic signal lights you see at major road junctions are coordinated with the help of computers, computerization has been introduced in many state and central government offices, it is being introduced in several fields both by the private and public sectors.

Automation process has already been initiated in many fields and even small and medium scale set-ups are going in for computerisation in most of their areas of functioning. You will find computers being used virtually in all fields and in all types of industries by both the public and private sectors. Efforts are on the way to computerise the different village / panchayat / district / state level government offices in Kerala. Computers are widely used in hospitals, production, manufacturing, designing, testing, transportation, reservation systems, in the field of mass communication and many more. The implications in terms of job opportunities is very clear. As the computer industry is growing at a faster rate in India, it is not very difficult to find a decent job if you have the necessary qualification and experience. Even if you look at export potential, a software career is more promising and rewarding.

A career in computers is of course the ‘in’ thing in the life of today’s generation. This is one profession that you have a competitive edge. Today with the emphasis of globalisation, the Master in Computer Applications and the M. Tech. in Computer Science have replaced the IAS as the preferred choice for the academic topper.

Computers play a premium role in the everyday working lives of most people because of the efficiency with which a job can be accomplished. The power of the computer as well as the demand for professionals in this field continues to grow. Careers in this field require a variety of education levels, experience and skills.

The National Association of Software Companies (NASSCOMM) estimates that currently the industry employs around 2,00,000 professionals and has a demand of 55,000 additional professionals each year. Industry analysts say that even if the current man power pool is increased 10 times by the turn of the century, they can be absorbed,  Basic salaries in this sector are increased at around 20 per cent each year. The IT Industry is one of the fastest growing sector in the country today. Infotech Industry in India is at present a 3,000 crore industry. According to the National IT Task Force, India will be a 2,25,000 crore (US $ 50 billion) infotech market by 2008.

The Department of Electronics (DoE), Govt. of India formulated a comprehensive policy on Computer Software Export. Embodied therein was software development and training to generate quality manpower. The scheme provides requisite flexibility, for individuals to qualify, in steps, to an equivalence of an M. Tech. degree without interfering with other studies or work. It is a joint scheme of All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE) Govt. of India. The scheme has four levels- O, A, B and C. The B and C level programs are equivalent to MCA and M.Tech. respectively. DOEACC qualifications are recognized for employment purposes.

CAREER OPPORTUNITIES WITH COMPUTERS:

Career opportunities in the computer industry fall into three categories- HARDWARE, SOFTWARE AND SERVICES.

CARER IN HARDWARE

You have three major avenues in the Hardware industry:

AVENUES	QUALIFICATIONS
Research & development	Engineering / M.Sc.Electronics
Manufacturing	Engineering
Marketing / Sale	Preferably Engineering / MBA

CAREER IN SERVICES

The computer industry has bred its own ancillary industry, namely the service industry. Computer services range from data centres, computer maintenance and computer rentals to training. The availability of good training professionals is much less than the demand. As a consequence, this has become one of the most highly paid careers.

CAREERS IN SOFTWARE

Software is the programs or sets of instructions given to a computer in order to perform the desired function. Computers are used for solving business problems. A computer is used in jobs which are repetitive and which require speed and accuracy.

SYSTEMS ANALYST

Systems Analysts plan and develop new computer systems. To be effective, they should have a complete understanding of the capabilities and limitations of all the hardware and software that they are dealing with. They meet with the Managers of business to determine what they require the computer to accomplish and the problems the computer should handle. Each task is broken down into separate programmable procedures. They then design the system and determine the required hardware and software for the business.

 

 

COMPUTER PROGRAMMER

Computer Programmers write detailed instructions that a computer has to follow. These instructions when inputted in computer language, are computer programmes or software. Programmers develop software for everything from handling hotel reservations to playing computer games. Systems Programmers write software that control the entire computer system. Application Programmers write programmes that handle specific tasks. The most challenging and time consuming task for a programmer is the process of going over the programme to make sure it turns properly without any errors. This is called debugging the programme and the responsibility for doing this rests solely with the individual who has written the programme.

CAD SPECIALIST

CAD stands for Computer Aided Drafting. CAD Specialists are drafters who prepare technical illustrations using computers instead of the traditional paper , pencil and measuring instruments. CAD Software programmers have a variety of symbols, measuring tools and angles installed within the programme. In addition, individuals utilize hardware such as digitisers, graphic tablets, cursor pads, light pens, plotters and printers. Using this equipment, CAD Specialists can draft any type of drawing that can be done manually. These specialists often work with engineers to develop the specifications for various systems, machinery or structures. Drafting or design skills and adequate computer skills are essential to pursue this career.

DESK TOP PUBLISHING (DTP)

Desktop publishers put together designs for a variety of items such as brochures, flyers, posters and newsletters. To accomplish this, they use a computer page layout programme, computer graphics, and a word processing programme. They design the layout of a document using different sizes and varieties of type points. They may also add pictures or graphics that have been computer generated, scanned or are from a computer graphic or art software programme. Creativity, graphic sense, accurate typing, good grammar and an eye for style are important traits for desktop publishers.

INTERNET

The Internet has brought in many changes in our daily life. It has become a media for disseminating information, an arena to transact and extend business and utility for support services. Housewives boast of an on-line super market. Elsewhere goods are sold at reduced prices on the Net. There are establishments and individuals that rely solely on the bargains made available on the Net. Business on the Net is beginning to boggle the mind and there is nothing that has not been caught in the web. This has led to a booming ‘E-commerce,’ which has gained popularity not because of its technological strength but because of its lucrative business options.

Almost anything consumers want, they can shop for or buy on the web. It is not just manufactured products, the web has become an enormously popular international auction house for paintings, artefacts, costumes, books, antiques etc. Even services are now available on the internet. The Travel Industry Association of America reported recently that internet related bookings are expected to soar to $ 8.9 billion by 2002. The New York based research firm Jupiter Communications estimates that the value of on-line shipping will hit $ 6 billion in 1999 and $ 41 billion in 2002.

INTERNET AS A FUNDAMENTAL BUSINESS NEED:

That the web has become a very popular market place is due to many factors. The most obvious reason is the convenience it offers to the customers. Another advantage is the enormous information available on the web, which is just a click away. Because of the cross linkage on the web, it is now possible for a consumer to access competitive information and make an informed purchase. Due to the interactive nature of the Internet, the customer can even conveniently bargain with a host of sellers to get the best price. The web enables a customer to do single-stop shopping for a vast variety of services and products. Thus the Internet has become a fundamental business need.

E-commerce is estimated to touch US $ 1.3 TRILLION BY THE YEAR 2003. The Network economy is setting the pace for a new chain of change. More and more companies, all over the world, are putting up Networks.

JOB OPPORTUNITIES: Think of the various business possibilities the Internet offers and you have a huge potential waiting to be tapped. All this is translated into a demand for professionals such as web writers, visual designers, programmers, software engineers and systems administrators.

WANT TO BECOME A WEB WRITER?

You should have at least a Graduation with a good command over the language. Exposure in Advertising / Journalism provides the necessary base to kick off. You should have at least two years of work experience in ad agencies / newspapers.

As a Web writer, you have to put the necessary information on the web pages- their form and content. Since a surfer’s attention span is low, it calls for precise and catchy writing. You have to flow the information in a way that leads the surfer to the pages the organization wants him to go to. Writing on the web is thus not only a creative but also a strategic exercise.

WANT TO BE A VISUAL DESIGNER?

Your work as a Visual Designer is similar to that of designers in advertising agencies. It involves conceiving the lay out and knowing how to use the tools. A course in Digital Design ( a three-month course, the fees of which ranges from Rs.15,000) will help you do this. It includes other features that can be incorporated on a web page like multimedia, animation, virtual reality etc. As a visualiser, you have to study the following software:

1. Illustration Tools- Adobe Illustrator, Corel Draw

2. Photo Editing- Adobe Photoshop, PhotoSoap

3. Sketching - Art Dabbler, Painter

4. Special Effects- Supergoo, KPT (Kal’s Power Tools)

5. Video Editing- Adobe Premier, After Effects

6. Authorising Tools- Authorware

7. Web Designing- Flash, Dreamware

8. Animation- Locomotion, InfinitiD

9. Morphing- Elastic Reality

10.Presentation- Director Show

WANT TO BECOME AN HTML PROGRAMMER?

You should have a Graduation with PGDCA to become an HTML Programmer. As HTML Programmer, you need to know the intricacies associated with the web. A good judgement of the parameters in different browsers is necessary.

WANT TO BE A SOFTWARE ENGINEER?

You should have an Engineering Graduation with two years experience in C++, DHTML / Java / Pearl programming.

Software Engineers are required to be knowledgeable in scripting languages (Java Script, VB Script, ASP etc.) and user interface. Engineers should be versatile in their knowledge of Networks, RDBMS, back-end databases and be able to string all the web pages to build the site.

WANT TO BECOME A SYSTEM ADMINISTRATOR?

You should be an Engineering Graduate with at least one year experience as a Data base administrator. Experience with Server-side programming tools like Interdev 6, CGI, Pearl and ADO programming is a pre-requisite.

As a System Administrator, you will be responsible for issues pertaining to the operating system, Security, networks, and web servers etc. You have to oversee the operational requirements of the organization. The web page development team also includes a project leader who coordinates different functional members.

WANT TO BE A ‘e-business’ PROFESSIONAL?

Right across the world, manufacturers, airlines, advertising agencies, publishers, travel & cargo agents, shipping companies etc. are beginning to use e-business. The concept of ‘e-business’ will soon be indispensable to the business community. Electronic commerce is changing the way business is transacted and is viewed as a large potential, which may turn the way in which business will be conducted in future. The biggest advantage that e-commerce provides is an opportunity for the producer of a service to reach the consumer directly without the need for a middleman or agents. Electronic commerce would help organisations to take advantage of the rapidly growing global electronic market. There is going to be an ever growing demand for ‘e-business’ professionals.

Computer education, which is nearly 17 years old in India, has made rapid strides in career building for the youth of the country and has outgrown even the most optimistic estimate. But there is confusion about which course to take up and which would guarantee a good job and a secure future? Apart from the courses in the IITs and the Regional Engineering Colleges, which offer comprehensive Degree courses, most of the privately run Institutions make similar claims and offer the same type of courses. As a result, there is a limitless supply of people getting trained in Computer Science. But only a handful of Computer Schools are producing software worthy professionals. Most of these schools do not comply with the DoE regulations. But the Computer world is getting really competitive and in future only those institutes would survive which ozffer modern infrastructure, better facilities and job placements.

WANT A CAREER IN SPORTS? The acceptability of sports and physical education as a career has gone up several times with the entry of prominent corporate bodies as sponsors of sports and events during the last decade. Some of them have also come forward to extend training facilities to sports persons. This shows the enormous potential that lies ahead for sportsmen. Active sport careers are short. A few manage to find some work connected with their sport as managers, coaches or by promoting products. The majority have to look elsewhere for employment unless they are already employed with some organization by virtue of their sports prowess. CAREER IN SPORTS : For a career in sports and physical education, you should have a keen interest in sports and games, a high level of physical fitness, mental and physical stamina, a competitive spirit, leadership qualities, organizing ability, resilience and will power to cope with injuries and setbacks, self-confidence, self-discipline, mental toughness, dedication and perseverance. Even hobbies such as sports, the performing arts and photography, if pursued with professional training, can be a worthwhile career. JOB OPPORTUNITY: Some distinct career streams in sports and physical education may be as professional players or participants, or in teaching or coaching. You can find jobs in schools and colleges as Physical education teachers. As a physical education teacher, you should have the ability to instill in the young the importance of good health and fitness habits. Through the medium of sports, you have to teach children the meaning of leadership, aggression and competition. SPORTS JOURNALISM: You can, as a player, engage yourself in writing or reporting sports events. Sports journalism can be taken up by those having a knowledge of various sports events and having a flair for writing. Sports Physiotherapy can be a specialization for a medically trained person or by a physiotherapist. You can be a sports nutritionist. A nutritionist who has trained to help sports persons according to the requirements of their life styles is called a sports nutritionist. TRAINING IN SPORTS AND GAMES: The Sports Authority of India (SAI) organizes National Sports Talent Contest for identifying sports talent and providing adequate training in sports and games. Sports persons in schools / colleges / universities who have secured first/second/ third positions in individual events or winners / runners-up positions in team events in international / national and state level competitions held during a calendar year may apply for scholarships.

 

 

WANT A JOB IN FASHION DESIGNING.

FASHION & APPAREL DESIGNING:

FASHION INDUSTRY IN INDIA

Fashion is what we wear, through a constant process of selection, adoption and change. It is triggered by people, events and social, economic and technological change. No wonder, fashion and apparel designing have become one of the fastest growing professions in India in recent years. The world of cloths and accessories has expanded into a giant industry, both for domestic requirements and for export. Today, the Fashion industry in India is a high growth sector with a multi-core turn over.

JOB OPPORTUNITIES

There is an ever-growing demand for more designers who can come up with the innovative designs that are commercially viable in the export market. With fashion becoming a big business and India emerging as one of the major players in the global garment market,  the need for qualified professionals in this field has increased tremendously.

Fashion designing offers unlimited opportunities for those who are good at it. The status and income of the person goes up as he establishes a reputation of his own. Exposure to the fashion industry abroad may help in widening horizons since Indians still tend to copy western styles. With beauty pageants, fashion shows, foreign labels and a public that is increasingly becoming fashion conscious, you as a fashion designer have enough chances to exhibit your talent. If you are enterprising, you can set up your own manufacturing or export units, which will bring big financial benefits or you can find a lucrative job in the textile industry. A fashion designer is no longer an anonymous entity- designer labels give him an identity. As long as people feel the urge to dress well, there will always be a need for more designers to provide a variety of clothing that is both appealing, fascinating and up-to-date.

Export houses, domestic markets and manufacturing units throw up ample opportunities for you to work as a fashion designer in textile designing. It involves working with different fabrics and material. Textiles account for a major chunk of exports. The textile industry calls for technically skilled executives who are specialists in designing interpretation, pattern creation, garment construction, grading, product development, marketing and computer aided design. So you could make a beginning with any of the export house or manufacturer.

More over, you can find a job in accessory designing- designing anything from hair clips and sunglasses to footwear and luggage. There are a lot of opportunities for you in designing leather accessories.

HOW TO BECOME A PROFESSIONAL IN FASHION DESIGNING?

The industry demands the vision to see beyond what is already there and the ability to see market trends. What you need is a flair for designing a willingness to learn, Imagination, manual dexterity, organizational skills, a sensibility for colours, textures and style and a business acumen.

Like any other creative field, Fashion design does not depend so much on qualifications as on talent and creativity. Styles and tastes keep changing all the time and a good designer needs to be on his toes to give the consumer the best and the latest. In the realm of designing, fashion is a business and it must not be misunderstood for an art form. Its dynamics are guided by commerce.

Unlike popular belief, fashion design does involve a certain amount of technical knowledge, of types of material, their adaptability to weather, wear and tear etc. Production facilities and costs also need to be taken into account. In the field of apparels, careers can be made in design, production, merchandising and marketing.

As a designer, your job is to forecast fashion and translate the requirements of the market into saleable designs. It calls for a rare combination of talent and business acumen. If you want to be successful in this field, you need to have confidence and optimism, keen powers of observation, an eye for detail and a high level of creativity. You should be able to withstand the stress of failure and long and irregular hours. There must be a flexibility to adapt a disorganised environment with day-today challenges and many ego problems. A flair for computers also helps since most design work in future will be done on computers.

Above all, you should have some training in the field. Some of the institutions offering courses in Fashion Technology are here for you:

WANT TO BE A COST & MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTANT?

Scientific Management has recognized cost & management accountancy as one of the essential management services. The Cost & Management Accountant aids in stabilizing budgets and standards, evaluating operational efficiency and effectiveness of production, formulating profit planning programme, guiding managerial decisions and identifying accountability for cost and profit variances. He advises on provident planning, product pricing, inventory control, export potentiality, feasibility studies, investment proposals, marketing and finances. He has a crucial role in project management, control of operations and strategic management of funds, monitoring and analysis of data and judicious budgeting, which are important in ensuring quality in corporate functions.

JOB OPPORTUNITIES:

The significance of the profession of Cost & Works Accountant has considerably increased as a result of the trends visible after economic liberalization. The significant role played by the Cost Accountant in achieving business objectives is being appreciated more and more. Several members of the Institute of Cost & Works Accountants of India hold top management positions in the corporate sector. Many industries have been covered under the statutory maintenance of cost accounting as per the Companies Act. The Cost Accountant can offer his services for acting as trustee, executor, administrator, arbitrator, receiver, appraiser,  advisor, secretary or as a representative for financial matters including taxation. He can take up appointment that may be made by the Central/State Government, Courts of Law, Labour Tribunals or other legal authorities. Developing countries also offer opportunities of employment to qualified Cost Accountants. A Cost Accountant can build up his own practice or join hands with other members of the Institute of Cost & Works Accountants forming partnership ventures.

HOW TO BECOME A COST & WORKS ACCOUNTANT?

To become a Cost & Works Accountant, you need not even attend classes; you need not pass any entrance examination or try to seek admission in any regular college. After 10+2 or PDC, you can start the training through the postal tuition offered by the Institute of Cost & Works Accountants of India.

To become a Cost & Works Accountant, you have to be a Member of the Institute of Cost & Works Accountants of India. The Institute itself conducts an examination at three levels- Foundation, Intermediate and Final. After passing the final examination, you can enroll yourself as a Graduate of the Institute, and use the title, ‘Grad. CWA’. When you pass the Final examination and acquire three years of relevant practical experience, you can become an Associate Member of the Institute of Cost & Works Accountants of India (AICWA). This practical experience may be acquired prior to or after passing the final examination, or partly before and partly after passing the final examination. After three years of practice as an Associate Member, you can apply for Fellowship (FICWAI).

WANT TO BECOME A COMPANY SECRETARY? JOB PROFILE A Company Secretary, by virtue of his professional education and training, has become an important adjunct in corporate management hierarchy. A Company Secretary is capable of rendering a wide range of services to companies of all sizes, commercial and industrial organisations, small scale units, firms etc. either on retainership or job basis. The very versatility of Company Secretary has made it an indispensable profession. He meets the legal requirements and ensures all aspects of statutory compliance of the company. He should be conversant with the diverse areas of law, management, finance and corporate governance. He acts as a vital link connecting the company, the Board of Directors, the share holders and governmental agencies. He takes part in the formulation of corporate policies, perform accounts and finance functions and acts as the registrar The present day Company Secretary is not merely confined to meeting legal requirements and statutory compliances, but shoulders a wide spectrum of responsibilities including formation of long range and short range corporate policies /programmes apart from the usual and more common accounting and financial functions. JOB OPPORTUNITIES It is mandatory for the Companies with a paid up share capital of Rs.50 lakhs or more to appoint a whole-time Company Secretary. Companies with a paid up share capital of less than Rs.50 lakhs can appoint even candidates who have passed only the Intermediate Examination as Company Secretaries. Companies seeking listing on Stock Exchanges are required to have a whole time Company Secretary. HOW TO BECOME A COMPANY SECRETARY? To be a Company Secretary, you have to qualify in the examinations conducted by the Institute of Company Secretaries of India (ICSI). The Membership of this premier professional Distance Education Body is the only prescribed qualification. A graduate in any discipline can become (except fine arts) an Associate Member of the Institute of Company Secretaries of India. He should pass the Intermediate and Final Examination conducted by the Institute. He is further required to possess the specified practical experience. If you do not have a University Degree, but have passed the Senior Secondary (10+2) or equivalent examination can undergo the Foundation course of the Institute. After passing the Foundation Course Examination, you can appear for the Intermediate and Final examinations. Legal aptitude, administrative abilities, common sense, good judgement, numerical ability, current affairs and general awareness would help you carve a niche for yourself as a Company Secretary. EMPLOYMENT ASSISTANCE SCHEME The Institute of Company Secretaries of India and its Regional Offices at Delhi, Chennai, Mumbai and Calcutta offer placement services for Members as well as students who have passed the Intermediate or Final Examination of the Institute under Employment Assistance Scheme. Openings exist in both private and public sectors, Financial Institutions, Stock Exchanges and Company Law Boards. For details, contact: The Institute of Company Secretaries of India, ICSI House, 22 Institutional Area, Lodi Road, New Delhi-110 002.